Stoicism

The Examined Life

Daily self-examination of thoughts, words, and deeds is the cornerstone of Stoic practice and moral growth.

Following the Socratic tradition, Stoics practiced nightly reflection on the day's events: Where did I fail in virtue? Where did I succeed? What could I have done better? Seneca, Marcus Aurelius, and Epictetus all wrote personal reflections as a discipline of self-scrutiny and moral improvement.

Nowhere can man find a quieter or more untroubled retreat than in his own soul.

Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, Book 4

Meditations itself is a record of Marcus Aurelius's daily self-examination — a practice deliberately public in form yet private in intention.

Meditations