Universal Reason
Human reason, properly cultivated, can access universal truths applicable to all rational beings regardless of culture.
The Stoic conviction that reason is universal underlies their natural law theory and cosmopolitan ethics. If reason can access universal truths, then ethical principles discovered by reason in one culture apply everywhere. This universalist claim both challenges cultural relativism and grounds cross-cultural moral dialogue.
The universe is transformation; life is opinion.
Stoic universalism is the philosophical foundation for Kant's moral law and continues to ground attempts at universal ethics in contemporary philosophy.
Meditations